PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.